Biography of Pedro Alonso Lopez, Monster of the Andes

Memoir of Pedro Alonso Lopez, Monster of the Andes Pedro Alonzo Lopez (conceived October 8, 1948) was liable for the killings of more than 350 kids, yet in 1998 he was liberated in spite of his promises to slaughter once more. Gossipy tidbits in regards to his whereabouts have twirled since the late 1990s. Quick Facts: Pedro Alonzo Lopez Known For: Serial executioner, liable for the fierce killings of more than 350 childrenAlso Known As: Monster of the AndesBorn: October 8, 1948Parents: Midardo Reyes, Benilda Lã ³pez De CastenedaNotable Quote: They Never Scream. They don't anticipate anything. They Are Innocent. Early Years Lopez was conceived on October 8, 1948, in Tolima, Colombia, when the nation was in political strife and wrongdoing was uncontrolled. He was the seventh of 13 youngsters destined to a Colombian whore. When Lopez was eight, his mom found him contacting his sisters bosom, and she showed him out of the house until the end of time. Trust Me, Trust Me Not Lopez turned into a homeless person on the vicious Colombian roads. He was before long drawn closer by a man who identified with the young men circumstance and offered him a sheltered home and food to eat. Lopez, edgy and hungry, didn't stop for a second and went with the man. Rather than heading off to an agreeable home, he was taken to a deserted structure and over and over sodomized and came back to the road. During the assault, Lopez irately pledged he would do likewise to the same number of young ladies that he could, a guarantee he later kept. Subsequent to being assaulted by the pedophile, Lopez got suspicious of outsiders, covering up during the day and rummaging for food around evening time. Inside a year he left Tolima and meandered to the town of Bogota. An American couple connected with him subsequent to having sympathy for the flimsy kid asking for food. They carried him to their home and selected him in a school for vagrants, yet when he was 12, a male educator attacked him. In a matter of seconds a short time later, Lopez took cash and fled again into the lanes. Jail Life Lopez, ailing in instruction and expertise, made due in the city by asking and submitting negligible robbery. His taking progressed to vehicle robbery, and he was paid well when he offered the taken vehicles to slash shops. He was captured at 18 years old for vehicle burglary and sent to jail. Following a couple of long periods of being there, he was assaulted by four detainees. The outrage and fury he encountered as a kid rose inside him once more, devouring him. He made another promise to himself; to never be abused again. Lopez got his vengeance for the assault by executing three of the four men dependable. Specialists added two years to his sentence, esteeming his activities as self-preservation. During his imprisonment, he had the opportunity to return to his life, and a peaceful anger toward his mom got colossal. He likewise managed his sexual needs by perusing obscene magazines. Between his whore mother and the sex entertainment, Lopezs just information on ladies took care of his insane scorn for them. Discharge and Rearrest In 1978, Lopez was discharged from jail, moved to Peru, and started seizing and executing youthful Peruvian young ladies. He was gotten by a gathering of Indians and tormented, covered overwhelmed with the sand, yet was later liberated and extradited to Ecuador. Encountering close to death didn't impact his lethal ways and his executing of little youngsters proceeded. The expansion of missing young ladies was seen by specialists, yet it was presumed that they had likely been hijacked by kid vendors and sold as sex slaves. In April 1980, a flood uncovered the groups of four killed youngsters, and the Ecuadorian specialists acknowledged there was a sequential killer on the loose. Not long after the flood, Lopez was discovered attempting to kidnap a little youngster after the child’s mother mediated. The police couldn't get Lopez to participate, so they enrolled the assistance of a neighborhood cleric, dressed him as a detainee, and put him in a cell with Lopez. The stunt worked. Lopez rushed to impart his merciless wrongdoings to his new cellmate. Lopez Confesses When stood up to by the police about the violations he imparted to his cellmate, Lopez separated and admitted. His memory of his wrongdoings was exceptionally clear, which was momentous since he admitted to executing at any rate 110 kids in Ecuador, in excess of 100 more in Colombia, and another 100 in Peru. Lopez conceded that he would walk the boulevards searching for blameless young ladies who he would bait away with the guarantee of blessings. Lopez regularly carried the young ladies to arranged graves, at times loaded up with the dead groups of different young ladies he had killed. He would quiet the kid with delicate consoling words for the duration of the night. At dawn he would assault and choke them, fulfilling his wiped out sexual needs as he watched their eyes blur as they kicked the bucket. He never executed around evening time since he was unable to see his casualties eyes and felt, without that component, the homicide was a waste. In Lopezs admission, he recounted having casual get-togethers and playing dreary games with the expired youngsters. He would prop them up in their graves and converse with them, persuading himself that his little companions enjoyed the organization. Be that as it may, when the dead kids neglected to reply, he would get exhausted and head out to discover another casualty. Beast of the Andes The police discovered his appalling admission difficult to accept, so Lopez consented to take them to the graves of the kids. In excess of 53 bodies were discovered, which was sufficient for the specialists to trust him. People in general renamed him Monster of the Andes as more data about his wrongdoings got known. For his violations of assaulting, executing, and ruining more than 100 youngsters, Lopez got a sentence of life in jail. Lopez never demonstrated regret for his violations. In a jail meet with writer Ron Laytner, he said in the event that he at any point escaped jail he would cheerfully come back to slaughtering little youngsters. The joy he got from his sick demonstrations of homicide overwhelmed any feeling of right from wrong, and he truly anticipated the chance to fold his hands over the throat of his next kid. Second Release Nobody was worried that Lopez would have the chance to slaughter once more. Whenever paroled from the jail in Ecuador, he would even now need to stand preliminary for his homicides in Colombia and Peru. However, following 20 years of isolation, in the late spring of 1998, it is said that Lopez was taken in the night to the Colombia outskirt and discharged. Neither Colombia or Peru had the cash to carry the lunatic to equity. Whereabouts Unknown Whatever happened to The Monster of the Andes is obscure. Many suspect and expectation that one of the numerous bounties offered for his passing in the end paid off and that he is dead. In the event that Lopez has gotten away from his adversaries is as yet alive, there is little uncertainty that he has come back to his old ways. Sources Pearson, Nick. â€Å"Worlds Second Worst Serial Killer Walked Free from Prison.†Ã‚ 9News Breaking News, 9News, 5 Dec. 2018.Serena, Katie. â€Å"Serial Killer Who Murdered 300 People Was Released From Jail, And No One Knows Where He Is.†Ã‚ All Thats Interesting, 30 Nov. 2018.â€Å"The Monster Of The Andes: South American Serial Killer Pedro Lopez.†Ã‚ Did You Know?, 17 July 2017.

Political Science Major Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Theory Major - Research Paper Example The New York Times, with an end goal to carry an equalization to this discussion, permitted a trade of thoughts in regards to the subject â€Å"Do Police Use Deadly Force Too Often†. I have decided to utilize a similar point as the proposition proclamation for this article since this is an auspicious and very disputable theme that doesn't appear to have a precise reaction in sight. It is my genuine belief that the police have not been utilizing extreme power when managing hazardous circumstances. I will introduce my supporting assessment in the last piece of this article. Meanwhile, I will introduce the two sides of the issue and ideally, wind up offering some information and contemplations to the peruser that have not been a piece of their thought of the subject previously. Seth Stoughton,a educator from the University of South Carolina School of Law has had the benefit of being both a cop and a state specialist. He imparted his insight with the New York Times in regards to the discussion about utilization of over the top power. It was his feeling that an inappropriate inquiry is being posed in the discussion. As opposed to having an open that inquires as to whether the shooting was legitimized, general society ought to rather be inquiring as to whether the shooting could have been kept away from (Stoughton, Seth â€Å"Police Shouldnt Ask If a Shooting is Justified, But on the off chance that its Avoidable†). Stoughton talked from a remarkable point of view. Having had the experience of a cop and state examiner, he has ended up in a similar circumstance as the officials blamed for utilizing unnecessary power. The supposition he raised depended on his own understanding and direct information on the regular situations that the police are called upo n to react to. He realized that cops face extraordinary conditions regular. It was his supposition that the utilization of extraordinary power can't be dodged, however it very well may be restricted. Stoughton clarifies: The unfortunate shooting of Tamir Rice last November puts the distinction among â€Å"justified† and â€Å"avoidable† in unmistakable

Hobby, Oveta Culp

Hobby, Oveta Culp Hobby, Oveta Culp, 1905â€"95, American public official and newspaper publisher, U.S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare (1953â€"55), b. Killeen, Tex. She served as parliamentarian of the Texas house of representatives from 1925 to 1931 and from 1939 to 1941. In 1931 she married William Pettus Hobby, former governor of Texas (1917â€"21) and publisher of the Houston Post. She held various positions on the newspaper and at the family-owned broadcasting company. In World War II she became (1942) director of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), which, in 1943, became the Women's Army Corps (WAC). She was commissioned colonel in 1943 and remained director until 1945. Appointed Federal Security Administrator under President Eisenhower, she became (Apr., 1953) the first Secretary of the newly created Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare, the only woman in the cabinet. In July, 1955, she resigned to succeed her ailing husband as editor of the Houston Post, later (1965) beco ming chairman of the board. The newspaper, now closed, was sold to the Toronto Sun Publishing Co. of Canada in 1983. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Repressive Society in Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut...

The story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut is120 years in the future, which allows us to more easily accept some of the bizarre events that happen in the story such as when the character Harrison Bergeron is dancing with a ballerina and there is no law of gravity and motion, so they can almost touch the studio ceiling which is thirty feet high. The author emphasizes in his work themes such as freedom, mind manipulation, the American dream, and media influence, also the opposition between strength and weakness and knowledge and ignorance. The story illustrates that being equal to one another is not always the best way to live because everyone is different for a reason. Also, this is what makes everyone special in your particular way.†¦show more content†¦The author wants to get our attention to the major differences from the present world to Harrison Bergeron’s world and examine the notable similarities in both as well. The opposition of knowledge and p ower versus suppression and ignorance are used by the author to satirize the society because who has the knowledge also, has the power. The more knowledge the government has and does not share it with the population, the easier is to control people and their minds. For example when Hazel watches her son die on television after performing a beautiful dance that theoretically could have brought about radical change, and instead of gaining even an ounce of understanding, she ends where she begun. When George asked her why she had tears in her eyes, her memory had already failed her, but she takes his advice to simply forget sad things, commenting that she always does. Equality can be interpreted in many ways, as we can see throughout the history such as racial, gender, and socio-economic equality. The Civil Rights emphasize that everybody should be treated equally and another view is the one represented in the story that everybody is equal. It is a completely out of reality to have a perfect society or no competition at all because how we could make advancements if the government was allowed to impose handicaps on the naturally gifted. The great thinkers would not be able to have new ideas because of the mentalShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kurt Vonnegut Jr. s Harrison Bergeron1500 Words   |  6 Pagesothers, as we make choices in an effort to satisfy others and ourselves. Kurt Vonnegut Jr.’s â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† offers a dark insight into an idealistic utopia, and the consequences of a ruthlessly equitable society. Although equality provides a beneficial component to a desirable society, forcing it upon society would ultimately b e at the expense of individuality. Initially, Harrison Bergeron is physically constrained by society, however through his willful arrogance and determination to gain controlRead MoreJames BaldwinS Sonnys Blues713 Words   |  3 PagesSonnys Blues, and in Kurt Vonnegut Jr.s short story Harrison Bergeron, are the title characters of each respective work. They both embody conceptions of youth within each story Sonny as the younger brother of the nameless narrator in Baldwins tale, and Bergeron as the son of the George and Hazel Bergeron. In their own way, each is antisocial and engage in practices that are disapproved of by their societies. Sonny is struggling with a heroin addiction/habit, while Harrison has plans to overthrowRead MoreRelationship Between V for Vendetta and Harrison Bergeron1752 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary, Dystopia is defined as the idea of a society in a repressive and controlled state, often under the guise of being  utopian. Dystopian societies feature different kinds of repressive social control methods and various forms of active and passive intimidation. Works about dystopian societies often explore the concept of humans neglecting technology and humans individually and collectively trying to manage or not being able to properly manage with technologyRead MoreA Dystopia Is Not A Contemporary Idea2159 Words   |  9 PagesA dystopia is an unpleasant and repressive society which usually has the intent to make equality an opportunity for all. 1984 and â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† are two examples of dystopia literature. In each, technological advances and psychological stimuli is designed to overwhelm an individuals thought. Based upon these pieces of literature, is it possible for a utopia exist? For clarification purposes, there are some definitions to keep in mind when reading this essay. The dictionary defines a utopia

Ancient Egyptian Military - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 543 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Ancient Egypt Essay Did you like this example? Tools/weapons used In the Predynastic and Early Dynastic periods the weapons used were mainly maces (a heavy club typically having a metal head or spikes), daggers, or spears. Other weapons like the bow and arrow, and more. Most of the Egyptian army were infantrymen or Foot-soldiers, there were horse-drawn chariots, but no cavalry. Armies and Weapons back during the Old Kingdom The Egyptians used these single-arched bows. They were hard to use. It was hard to draw, has a short range, and unreliable accuracy. The soldiers were all from lower level classes, so they hadn’t had much training. After the soldiers used 2 or more of their arrows they would close their opponents with hand weapons like daggers. At this time the Egyptian Navy never had any contact or fought with the others they were only used to transport the soldiers to their destination. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ancient Egyptian Military" essay for you Create order Middle Kingdom Warfare During this time period, the Egyptian soldiers got/made better weapons like they now had copper axes and swords that they carried. The bronze spear, body armor of leather over short kilts became a standard. They now also had a minister or war and a commander or chief in charge of the army. This way everything is more organized then in the Old Kingdom. There were these elite â€Å"shock troops† that were used as the vanguard (A group of people leading the way in new developments in ideas). Officers were in charge of an unspecified number of men in a troop. New Kingdom Army And Warfare Finally The horse-drawn chariots are being introduced to the Egyptians. The training that took place was indeed hard. The chariotry was an elite branch of the army/military and only was associated the upper classes. With the training procedure, the driver had to learn how to maneuver his two-horse chariot on an uneven surface at a full gallop while also keeping pace with his other chariot companions around him, his shield to protect himself and the bowman at his side doing his own job. Under this new organization, a chain of command in a division,from highest to lowest rung. In each division there is a officer in charge of 50 soldiers who reported things that happened to a superior officer who was in control of 250 men. This officer who as well reported back to a captain who was responsible to a troop commander, above that commander is the troop overseer a military official in charge of a garrison (the troops stationed in a fortress or town to defend it). Who then reported to the fortification overseer, a higher official incharge of the forts where the stayed, where he also reported back to the lieutenant commander. The lieutenant in charge of getting the message to the general where he was responsible to thee vizier (the highest official) and the pharaoh (leader). It was this army who which expanded Egypt into an empire and allowed Opulent reigns of pharaohs such as Amenhotep III (1386-1353 BCE). Those under whose rule Egypt enjoyed unknown peace and/or prosperity. There were still conflicts but the army kept the unpleasantness far from their empire. This is also the army under Ramesses II (1279-1213 BCE) which occupied the Hittites (1274 BCE) at the famous Battle of Kadesh.

Hotel System Free Essays

AMA COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER BSIT BSCS DEPARTMENT In partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the course Introduction to Software Submitted by: Kim John A. Hidalgo Jairus S. Echevarre Nikki Hanna P. We will write a custom essay sample on Hotel System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Palanog Submitted to: Karen Kate Seronay Date: February 7, 2013 Chapter 1 Introduction A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-termbasis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting onlyof a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suitebathrooms and air conditioning or climate control. Today, most of the Hotels provide goods and services using computersystem. It helps to perform task in an easy way with less time consumed. Some companies are become fully automated while others strive for thesimilar setting. Computer programmers develop things like computer system that the rest of us could use. The computer programmers tell the users what todo. They make programs that users can easily used or understand. The advent of new technology gave rise to easy and hassle free interaction between and among humans. Whether it is in business, science or what ever task a person takes on the quality and speed of carrying it out are enhanced with automation at the core of this efficient Today, many systems have used an automation process like using computer system, due to the efficient and accuracy. â€Å"Hotel Reservation System† is a transaction processing system. In this system there are more advantages rather than a manual Hotel Reservation. 1. 1 Background of the Study The proponents want to know the reasons of hotel in using manual reservation. The proponents conduct a study towards the topic because they notice some of the hotel still use manual reservation. The study will emphasize the effects of using manual reservation and how a computerized reservation will be substituted. Therefore, theproponents purported to find out how to increase the number of customerusing computerized reservation Interaction and individual stimulation have always been linked tothe technological availability of the time and place. With the transition toan information-based society, computers and transactions have evolvedfrom manual transaction. One of the solutions or alternatives to the problems that a hotel isfacing, a system was being developed which can edit, delete, filter,monitor and store and secured the records of the customers. Hotel Reservation system is a transaction processing system that solves the problem encountered during the manual Hotel Reservation. The computerized Hotel Reservation System aims to simplify the manual Hotel Reservation fastest and accurate. Database is shared thru World Wide Web (WWW). The proponents make use of some tools andtechniques to build the project. The system uses Graphical User Interface(GUI) to help the user give instruction to the computer. The system once implemented it will solve the most common problems that the Hotel Reservation encounter. 1. 2 Target Client Dotties Place Hotel is a place for relaxation and fun. Rooms with overlooking the swimming pool and view of the hotel. Dotties Place Hotel is located at J. C Aquino Ave. Butuan City 8600, Philippines. 1. 3 Statement of the Problem A number of travelers choose to book online nowadays for the reason that it is comfortable and convenient. The level of convenience is simply unmatched because booking is just a click away. The advantages that come along with online booking cannot be ignored. This study will aid those hotels which are still using the manual way of hotel reservation and will facilitate travelers in booking in a hotel. It would also promote the hotel in a wider geographical range that is to advertise the hotel to acquire a competitive advantage over the other. Not all hotels are implementing an online reservation system which is the reason why some problems arise and that convenience is not achieved by the management and by the travelers. Through series of interviews, the researchers found the following problems: * Important personal information of the guest are misspelled; * Possible loss of important guests’ records who already made a reservation for a particular date; * Inconvenient for the guest to reserve a room Delayed report generation. 1. 4 Objective of the Study The main purpose of the study is to develop a generic online hotel reservation system to allow guests to reserve a room through the Internet. The development of this study specifically aims to: * Provide the exact information of the guest; * Provide a centralized record for the proper management of the information of the guest; * Provide convenience for the guest to make a reservation, show the availability of the room and give suggestions on the available rooms for the guest; and * Generate generic reports to inform the management about the reservation. . 5 Significance of the Study This study is basically useful for the hotel management in the reservation in a way that it provides convenience both to the guest and the front desk officer. This study will be significant in the hotel owner as well as to hotel staff to gain more profit since it is online, the geographical reach will be widen thus making sales growth increased from time to time. Costumer convenience will also be emphasi zed because they can make any transaction anytime, anywhere. 1. 6. 0 SCOPE AND LIMITATION The scope of the study is that the researchers will give a proper webiste that can be easily to use. Using computerized system that enables bussinesses to track services and aims to provide accurate and reliable process on every transaction especially in a hotel reservation finding available rooms, the system tells you that this room is unavailable, deleting records, adding records, and to search records. This study is limited to other functions like printing the records. This study cannot have it’s own domain, due to lack of funds though this research is intended for educational purpose only. . 6. 1 Include The study focused mainly on the development of a generic online hotel reservation system. This allows the guest to inquire on the availability of every room in the hotel. The system is capable of registering the guest and a Captcha will also be provided to protect the system from web spiders. The system will accept online payment for hotels that require down payment throug h scanning and uploading of the bank receipt. Some hotels do not require down payment and the payment will be upon the arrival of the guest 1. 6. 2 Exlclude The system is limited to some areas wherein there will be two forms that the guest will fill-up. First will be the Guest Registration Form containing the guest name, address, age, gender, status   and the other one is the Guest Room Inquiry and Reservation Form which contains the availability of the room, arrival date, check-in date. 1. 6. 3 Dependency The system runs in a client-server environment. The hotel serves as the server-side and the guest is the client. The server is responsible for the confirmation and in specifying the grace period of the reservation. The system will automatically cancel the reservation if the guest exceeds in the grace period provided. Chapter 3 Software Analysis and Design 3. 2. 0 Model System Planning Water Fall Model Systems Analysis Systems Design Systems Development System Testing System Implementation Systems planning Systems planning phase is where the project initiation and requirements gathering takes place. In this phase, the researchers performed brainstorming. It helped a lot in the data gathering of the researchers in order to list the requirements needed by the system as to its development. Systems analysis Systems analysis is the dissection of a system into its component pieces to study how those component pieces interact and work. Appropriate data were gathered by the researchers and were used for the systems requirement specification. The specified existing problems were given adequate solutions. Through series of interviews, the researchers have analyzed the given data to come up with concrete information and to specify the existing problems sequentially. Systems design Systems design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified system requirements. In this phase also, the researchers used the gathered data in order to accomplish the logical design of the proposed system. System Development In the development of the system, the researchers considered the detailed users’ requirements to meet the desired requirements. These requirements are the guidelines in creating the reliable and better system. In this phase, the researchers also select the programming language to be used in the development of the system. The main task of the researchers in this phase is to generate the code of the system. System Testing In this phase, the system is tested against its performance and based on the requirements specified in the earlier phase using two different ways. First was the Alpha Testing wherein the developers/researchers checked the system if it is capable of running in different operating systems. The researchers entered invalid inputs into the system to test if the system can handle such errors and give possible response. Second was the Beta testing, to test if the system is capable in making reservation through the internet. And the management can evaluate the developed system if it is user-friendly and if it meets the necessary requirements in the reservation process. System Implementation In this phase, the final product is the fully featured system with full functionality is then implemented. 3. 2. 1 Use Case Diagram New Entry for Check in Update Check In Perform Checkout View Room Status Search Customer Information Staff Customer 3. 2. 2 Activity Diagram Stop User name and password do not match Start Log-inNO Staff Yes Check Availability Fill Check In Form Check In Update Reservation Checkout User name and password do not match Log-in Start Stop Adminn NO Yes Add room info Add room type info Change hotel profile Set room price Set floor info Generate Reports 3. 2. 3 Class DiagramCustomer Cid : Integer Fname :Varchar Mname :Varchar Lname :Varchar Gender : Integer Contact No. : Integer Emailadd: Varchar(50) checkinDate: DateTime Stay : Integer Checkoutdate:DateTime Prepaid : Integer Room Info RoomId: Integer Room No. : Integer Roomava: Integer Floor: Varchar RoomType RoomType ID : Integer RoomType: Varchar Room No: integer Login Usrname: Varchar (50) Password: Varchar(50) Permission: varchar(50) Hotel Profile Name: Varchar Address: Vharchar Email: Varchar Contact No. : Integer AddHotelProfile() UpdaeHotelProfile() How to cite Hotel System, Papers

Nike Plus Marketing Plan free essay sample

They did not want to make it too complicated or the average runner would not be interested; they had to keep their target market in mind. The product is simply a chip that fits into your Nike shoe that keeps track of you pace, distance, etc. This chip transfers data to your ipod nano which allows the runner to hear progress made and how far they have to go to reach their goal. The simplicity of the product allowed them to make the price of their product quite low; but now so low to imply poor quality. History In the 1960’s Phil Knight was in university and had a project where he had make a business plan. Along with the business plan he had to make a marketing plan to go along with it. This business plan composed of the idea of producing shoes in Japan and selling them in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Plus Marketing Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Later on in 1963 Phil Knight decided to give his business plan a try. He traveled to Japan to speak with a company that manufactures shoes that goes by the name of Tiger. Phil Knight was asked who he represented and he made up the name Blue Ribbon Shoes. Phil convinced them to sell him their ‘Tiger’ shoes for that he could resell them in the US under the name Blue Ribbon Shoes. Over the 8 years the Blue Ribbon Shoes broke 1 million dollars in sales. It was at this 8 year mark (1971) he changed the name to Nike and also included the swoosh to be recognizable characteristic. After this the company grew exponentially and over 10 years sales grew up to $270 million. In 1996 Nike got the marketer of the year award which increased it popularity even more. At this point (1996) Nike had hit $6. 74 billion in sales. Environmental Analysis Social With the rise in obesity there are more and more people becoming self-conscious about their weight. This is resulting in more people going to gyms and pursuing other ways of getting exercise. This will directly result in more people purchasing the Nike plus who which to lose weight by running. People these days are wanting to belong to something more than they did in the past. Examples of this are the huge rise in people using myspace, facebook and other social networking site. Nike took advantage of this trend by creating a networking site only for people who have purchased the Nike plus. Economic Everyone is well aware that right now the economy is doing very poorly and people have less money to spend. This will hurt Nike as a company being as most of their products are at the high end scale of pricing. However, the Nike plus is cheap when compared to similar products. So the downhill economy could in fact help with sales of the Nike plus. Technological The current trend in this information age is everything becoming wireless. This includes cell phones, gaming consoles, blue tooth, etc. Nike took advantage of this trend by having the chip in the shoe communicate wirelessly with the receiver attached to the ipod nano. Competitive Companies are continuously outsourcing production to other countries in order to be profitable while offering the lowest price. Nike has taken advantage of this. Nike has the ability to move production from one country to another (what ever one has cheapest labour) while only incurring a small cost. SWOT Analysis Strengths Nike has no set factory that all or most production takes place in. If the cost of labour raises somewhere, then Nike can move its production to another location where labour is cheaper. This means Nike can produce a high quality product at the lowest possible price. Nike has very good research and development. This is very evident the many innovative product they have come out with. Nike has a global recognition for quality. Almost anywhere if some one sees the Nike swoosh they will recognize it as Nike. Weaknesses Nike does not have its own retailer and retailers are very price sensitive. This means that Nike must sell to retailers a lower price because of the competion from other bands such as Addidas. Opportunities The owners of Nike claim that Nike is not a fashion brand. They claim all of their products serve the purpose assisting people in sports. However, many people buy Nike products simply because of fashion. This is great market Nike could tap into. There are high value items that Nike has still not put into production. This includes jewelry. High value items generally come with a profit. Threats Nike sells internationally. This means that as fluctuations in currency happen Nike risks selling at a loss. This is a threat that faces all international companies. Over the past decade the market for shoes is becoming very competitive. Many more brands are coming into the market which is taking away from Nikes market share. Marketing Objectives and Strategies Being such a large company with an enormous global presence, Nike has lofty objectives to reach. Nike sets the highest standard in the industry of athletics and sports equipment, therefore when they set out In this joint-venture with Apple computers, they intended for the Nike+ brand to hold the largest market share within it’s category. With-in the first year of its launch Nike is striving to promote the Nike+ brand vigorously in an attempt to capture the interest of fitness enthusiasts and recreational runners alike. With this joint-venture, Nike hopes to gain an edge over its competitors, combining a similarly position brand with it’s elite running shoe creates a unique product that will captivate the fitness enthusiasts. The ultimate first year goal is to increase it’s share of the fitness market over it’s competitors with significant room for growth with the Nike+ brand as it looks to promote primarily within North America. The long-term goal of Nike’s marketing plan is to utilize the uniqueness of their product in order to create a commanding strangle hold on the fitness market and expand advertising efforts globally. Nike has numerous strategies that they utilize in order to reach a number of various potential consumer groups. Nike utilizes the market-leader market-product strategy. This is evident in the way in which they advertise the Nike+, using slogans such as â€Å"Run like you’ve never run before† in mixed media such as television and print advertisements. Although the Nike+ is a new product, it is essentially an innovation. Because it is an innovation Nike can draw on, not only it’s brand equity, but Apple’s as well, in order to place it as a premium product with-in the industry all while still maintaining a buzz and newness about it’s product. The primary target market of the Nike+ product are fitness enthusiasts looking to optimize the efficiency of their runs. This is very evident in the advertisements of this product. They depict a runner running against his toughest opponent-himself. The product allows for a juxtaposition of all previous accomplishments technologically displayed on the computer, allowing the runner to compare themselves against themselves. The secondary target market are casual runners looking to improve, yet may not need to use the product to its full potential to experience a benefit to their runs. Product The product is a little a chip that fits into a Nike shoe (only certain Nike shoes accept the chip). The chip comes with a receiver chip that connects to an ipod nano and the two chips communicate with each other wirelessly. The chip in the shoe records elapsed time, current pace and distance as a person is running/jogging. This data is simultaneously sent to the ipod nano using the receiver chip. Once the person has finished their exercise they can hook their ipod to the computer. The runner can then go to the Nike website and view their data. Nike has branded its self in a way that when one purchases Nike plus one has now become part of a larger community. This community is formed on the Nike website. You can compare your data with other people who have also purchased the Nike plus. You can communicate with other members and set goal for yourself. The Nike website goes another step further and creates little competitions where runners can show off their skills. This is all an effort to make the Nike plus ‘brand personality’ of being some one that promotes being a community. All of Nike products automatically have perceived high equity. Nike attempted to continue this by naming the new product Nike plus. The name creates in a persons mind everything great Nike offers, plus a bit more. People already use Nike shoes for running and now they can keep track of their progress easily. Nike strategically chose Apple’s ipod to communicate with instead of a Microsoft mp3 player. Apple has a reputation of creating higher quality products than Microsoft which is why Nike chose Apple. This helps Nike create stronger brand equity. There are many competitors Nike has for this product. These include Timex Bodylink, Garmin Forerunner, Bones In Motion. All these competitors offer more advanced running statistics than the Nike plus. Their products take the form of a watch or a band the goes around the leg. Things these products can do that the Nike plus can’t are tell the average speed, automatically pausing at an intersection or water fountain, and a few others. Despite these competitors offering more advanced products, Nike has set its self apart by being innovative. No one else other than Nike has come of with a chip that goes in your shoe that tracks your speed and delivers the data to an ipod nano. As mentioned above, Nike took this a step further by making it possible to be part of a community of other runners. Not even Adidas (main competition) has come up a product that does what the Nike plus does. The packaging has been made in a way that makes it stand out whether if the consumer knows about the product or not. It is a piece of grey cardboard with plastic wrapped around it securing the chip and receiver. To make people notice it a red stripe is placed at the top and bottom. In the top right hand corner of the top strip there is Nike’s swoosh and Apple’s logo beside it (an apple). This gets people attention because both Nike and Apple are big companies and have nothing to do with each other in any of the lines of products they sell. Price One would expect the price the Nike plus to be quite high. In fact, the price for the Nike plus is only $29. They have likely been able to do this because the Nike plus is composed of just a chip and a receiver which makes manufacturing cost lower than its competition. Apple also covered a lot of the cost for software programming since the product would result in more sales of the ipod nano. The consumer must also buy a pair of Nike shoes that are compatible with the Nike plus which is where they make most of the profit. Any pair of compatible Nike shoes cost between $80 and $110. Most of Nike market value quality and are more likely to purchase the higher priced shoes. This product is still quite new on the market and has no discount/sale price is available. Since the price is relatively low it is not necessary to offer sales at this point in time, especially since their target market is not price sensitive. Nike’s price gives it a huge advantage over competition. Many of Nikes competitors mentioned in the ‘Product’ section sell for about $300. There are some cheaper alternatives; but then the consumer would be better off just to get the Nike plus. Place In order to insure the success of any of product it carries, Nike, like any other large company, must distribute its product in retail locations most conducive its consumer’s lifestyles. With over 25,000 retailers in the United States alone, Nike already has strong, vast, and established channels willing to carry its products. Nike has its own retailers called â€Å"Niketown†, are currently in over 160 countries worldwide and also distribute their product online at nike. com. Nike+ specifically is now distributed throughout North America and Europe through retailers; however anyone can purchase the Nike+ product online, through nike. com/nikeplus. The intensity of distribution is just as intense as many other running shoes in Nike’s product line and can be found at any typical Nike retailer. Promotion The main usage of promotion done by Nike in order to promote it’s sub-brand Nike+ is advertising. Nike utilizes television advertisements specifically. They do this because it allows them to reach a large amount of potential consumers in order to promote their brand. Nike looks to convey a powerful message about physical fitness as they advertise Nike+. Nike+ advertisements promote a fun and effective way to maximize the potential of your workouts. By doing this they capture the serious runner looking to improve on the effectiveness of his or her workout, but also the casual runner just looking to better enjoy the experience. Evaluation of Marketing Plan Nike has done an excellent job of excecuting their marketing plan. Many people are not aware of the Nike plus. However, Nike succeeded in creating awareness for the people they where targeting. They clearly identified their target market and pushed the advertising on them rather than wasting money on people who will not purchase the product. Because of Nikes already strong customer base they got away with not doing advertising on massive scale. This also adds to why they where able to keep the price low for the product. Nike should have priced the Nike plus higher. Their target market has little price sensitivity and they would have been willing to pay a higher price. Then after 6 months they could have lowered the price to what it is now ($29). Nike branded the product perfectly. Gave it an image of being something that’s bigger than everything else, which is where the online community comes in. Bibliography http://nikeplus. nike. com/nikeplus/ http://reviews. cnet. com/mp3-player-accessories/nike-ipod-sport-kit/4505-6519_7-31894266. html http://xroads. virginia. edu/~CLASS/am483_97/projects/hincker/nikhist. html http://www. marketingteacher. com/SWOT/nike_swot. htm http://www. wharton. universia. net/index. cfm? fa=viewArticleid=1207language=englishspecialId= http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nike%2C_Inc. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=qOr5_GaGnPc http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=gTv3sHGNOmQ

Online Banking Essays - Financial Services, Economy, Finance

Online Banking Banking Online Imagine banks without tellers, desks, brochures, or ATM's. Picture, a virtual bank, residing inside of a computer, projected by images on a computer screen. US financial institutions are moving towards virtual banking?; a strategy making bank services available to customers any time and place they need them. Banks are offering more services as virtual banking becomes more popular, while the number of traditional teller-staffed branches are declining. Bank customers are moving away from traditional banking and becoming dependent on electronic transactions using ATMs and PCs. Thanks to this technology, financial institutions are using software programs, online services, and even the internet to allow customers to check balances, pay bills, and transfer funds among accounts. Bankers promise that, in the near future, we will be able to buy certificates of deposit, mutual funds, other investments, and even apply for loans electronically. Many people's best option is to plug into their bank through software. Intuits Quicken, Microsoft Money, and Managing Your Money are the top home budgeting programs allowing users a way to harness their assets through their PC. In order to use this software properly all a customer needs is a personal computer, software and a modem. On-screen instructions, laden with colorful graphics and pictures, explain how to select and work on various tasks. The system automatically calculates and updates account balances and keeps records of bills. By charging $5 to $20 a month for these services, banks will cash in on the high-tech superhighway. Internet banking differs from traditional PC banking in several ways. Banks have already set up home pages on the Internet to provide information to their existing and potential customers about upcoming services. In most home banking ventures, the bank sends application software to the customer. The customer then dials into the bank using their modem, downloads and uploads data, and runs the programs they previously installed on their computer, sending back a batch of requests such as transfers between accounts. With Internet banking, on the other hand, potential customers already own the software they need to do their banking: an internet browser. The actual banking software resides on the bank's server in the form of their home page. The company can easily present new information, change prices, or introduce new products without expensive advertising and mailings. In addition, the virtual bank can implement system enhancements online so that they do not interfere with normal business. By not commuting to banks customers save time and money. If cash is not an issue at the time of a transaction, then Internet banking is very useful. This new concept may catch on and become a profitable venture for banks. Early entrants in the Internet banking market will benefit on multiple fronts. These banks will appeal to a vast market and attract educated, professional, affluent and efficient people. The new customers will cut bank costs by visiting branches less frequently and switching from paper to electronic transactions. More importantly, by developing internal expertise today, banks can position themselves to react quickly to competitive moves and consumer trends as the financial services industry evolves. These banks will see the benefits as early players and enjoy the public relations boost that comes from being market leaders. Once people accept this more efficient way of banking, there will be less need for offices. This method is not at all a way to end banks, more like a convenient addition for customers. This technology is in the future, but at the same time just around the corner. Online banking will become a great way for people to control their money. Business Reports

Summary of the Medea Tragedy by Euripides

Summary of the Medea Tragedy by Euripides The plot of the Greek poet Euripides Medea tragedy is convoluted and messy, rather like its antihero, Medea. It was first performed at the Dionysian Festival in 431 BCE, where it famously won third (last) prize against entries by Sophocles and Euphorion. In the opening scene, the nurse/narrator tells us that Medea and Jason have lived together for some time as husband and wife in Corinth, but theirs is a troubled union. Jason and Medea met at Colchis, where King Pelias had sent him to capture the magical golden fleece from Medeas father King Aaetes. Medea saw and fell in love with the handsome young hero, and so, despite her fathers desire to retain possession of the precious object, helped Jason to escape. The couple fled first Medeas Colchis, and then after Medea was instrumental in the death of King Pelias at Iolcos, fled that region, finally arriving at Corinth. Medea Is Out, Glauce Is In At the opening of the play, Medea and Jason are already the parents of two children during their life together, but their domestic arrangement is about to end. Jason and his father-in-law-to-be, Creon, tell Medea that she and her children must leave the country so that Jason may marry Creons daughter Glauce in peace. Medea is blamed for her own fate and told that if she hadnt behaved like a jealous, possessive woman, she could have remained in Corinth. Medea asks for and is granted one days reprieve, but King Creon is fearful, and rightly so. During that one days time, Medea confronts Jason. He retaliates, blaming Medeas banishment on her own temper. Medea reminds Jason of what she has sacrificed for him and what evil she has done on his behalf. She reminds him that since she is from Colchis and is, therefore, a foreigner in Greece and without a Greek mate, she will not be welcome anywhere else. Jason tells Medea that he has given her enough already, but that he will recommend her to the care of his friends (and he has many as witnessed by the gathering of the Argonauts). Jasons Friends and Medeas Family Jasons friends need not be bothered because as it turns out Aegeus of Athens arrives and agrees that Medea may find refuge with him. With her future assured, Medea turns to other matters. Medea is a witch. Jason knows this, as do Creon and Glauce, but Medea seems appeased. She presents a wedding gift to Glauce of a dress and crown, and Glauce accepts them. The theme of poisoned clothing should be familiar to those who know of  the death of Hercules. When Glauce puts on the robe it burns her flesh. Unlike Hercules, she immediately dies. Creon dies, too, trying to help his daughter. Although thus far, Medeas motives and reactions seem at least understandable, then Medea does the unspeakable. She slaughters her own two children. Her revenge comes when she witnesses Jasons horror as she flies off to Athens in the chariot of the sun god Helios (Hyperion), her ancestor.

Trends and challenges in HR management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trends and challenges in HR management - Essay Example Timely performance management can be used to identify, measure, and develop those individuals who could be the stars of a company (Campbell & Garfinkel 1996). A system of annual appraisals works with the idea that performance should be managed at the end of a give year but the more modern version of the process looks at performance from quarter to quarter which is the process used by many Fortune 500 companies (Grote, 2002). The annual appraisal system may put a considerable time gap between the time high performance was shown and the time when the reward for the performance is received. Kerr (1996) uses the example of giving food pellets to a mouse in a cage when a button is pushed by the mouse and says that if the reward comes a year after the button was pushed, it would be difficult to readily associate the two acts Of course, quarterly appraisals or other systems that have a shorter feedback loop as compared to annual appraisals may demand more time from managers as well as the employees if 360 performance evaluations have to be used. However, compared to an annual system of performance appraisals, more timely systems can give a company the means by which their strategic HR objectives, evaluation purposes and HR needs analysis could all be met (Bretz, Milkovich, & Read, 1992). Thus the annual appraisal system may come with the advantage of less time and money invested by the company; it certainly has its own set of drawbacks which make other systems more attractive. In essence, there are two primary approaches that can be taken towards an appraisal system i.e. an approach which focuses on the behavior of the employees and an approach that focuses on the results produced by the employee. However, in real world scenarios, the methods used by companies may take elements from both approaches to create a performance appraisal system for the employees. Amongst them the two more popular ones remain

Rhetorically (Crazy Stupid Love) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rhetorically (Crazy Stupid Love) - Essay Example One would notice in the movie how infidelity affects one’s way of life and leads characters into discovering its drastic effects and the host of alternatives people do to cope with the situation. In this regard, the objective of the essay is to present a rhetorical analysis of the movie by expounding on the message of the movie and its effectiveness in establishing audience appeal through logos, pathos and ethos. The conflict in the movie stemmed from Emily’s acknowledgement of cheating on Cal, devastating his perfect perception of his life and facing him in an ambivalent situation. While Cal and Emily had a romantic dinner she asked Cal for a divorce; stunning him and leading him into a situation where ethos is applied. He tried to convince Emily to think of their family and their love. On the other hand, Emily was actually also applying the ethical appeal to present to Cal that her infidelity justifies the divorce and therefore, despite her uncertainty for her true fe elings for the man she slept with, she was convinced that there was no other option but to part ways. In her argumentation, Emily actually used logos by rationalizing and justifying that by committing an unfaithful act through sleeping with a man, other than her husband, the most logical and rational recourse is to file the divorce. The audience’s emotions could actually side on Cal or Emily, depending on the personal perspectives, value system and cultural orientation. For people from the eastern culture who still do not accept divorce as acceptable in their society, the argument of Emily is unacceptable and therefore do not appeal to their emotions (pathos). On the other hand, for people from the western culture, who have learned to accept divorce as a way of life, like the office mates of Cal who even made fun of him when he cried his heart out, the contention that divorce is the only option available after an unfair relationship, is indeed the most appealing recommendatio n (pathos). Another situation worth examining is why, despite Jacob Palmer’s advice to Cal to get over Emily, to move on and start living his life, still is convinced that Emily is the only person for him. It was actually an understandable action at the onset that Cal would listen to Jacob by succumbing to his suggestions of changing his lifestyle by making him look younger, donning new and attractive clothes, and start dating other women to seek fulfilling relationships that would help him forget about Emily. Through the use of logos, Jacob, was actually successful in convincing Cal that if Emily could find somebody to replace him; then by all means, he should likewise find ways and means to forget and replace her. The audience could actually empathize with Cal at this point and through Jacob’s innuendos, he was also effective in manifesting the presence of using pathos to appeal to the emotions of the viewers and share in the journey of transformation for Cal’ s new life. Further, the move was likewise effective as Jacob was able to manifest ethos, or an ethical appeal as he convinced even Emily that she actually made a mistake of suggesting the divorce. By showing personality and traits that exemplify expertise in treating women and being highly competent in dealing with relationships, Jacob assumed a

Theories And Principles For Enabling Learning

Theories And Principles For Enabling Learning Critically examine a range of theoretical approaches to learning and communication. Discuss how the learning and communication theories apply to your own teaching and promote inclusive practice. There are four main theoretical approaches to learning these being Behaviourism, Cognitivism, Constructivism, and Humanism and most learning theories tend to fall into one of these paradigms. Behaviourism in principle refuses to acknowledge the internal mechanism of learners. Founded in 1849 by I.P. Pavlov and further models developed by Dr John Watson, E.J. Thorndike and B.F Skinner, they believed that people learn through external stimuli and have no free though of their own. Learners can be conditioned by external stimuli and all behaviour can be explained without considering the consciousness or mental state of the learner. Their theories were centred on cause and effect, reward and punishment of the learner. Learners were passive and would respond to reinforcement and environmental stimulus. This theory of teaching has a very regimental approach to learning and development. Behaviourism is still employed today in many learning arenas and it is the authors view that one of the greatest employers of this approach is the military, in the training of its new recruits. The recruits are taught through repetitiveness, rewarded through praise, acceptance and freedom and punished by ridicule, increased workload, rejection and loss of freedoms. The two first pioneers of behaviourism Vladimir M. Bekhterev (1857 to 1927) and I.P. Pavlov (1849 to 1936) both studied at the military academy in St Petersburg (C. Boeree. 2000, Online). It was here where they first formulated their behaviourist ideology. Other learning institutions still employ this approach if only in part and indeed its theories play a major role in most childrens development both at home and school. It is a useful technique in controlling younger childrens behaviour and learning them right from wrong (punishing the bad and rewarding the good. Stone Nielson (1982, p.291) make reference to the behaviourist approach in child development, General findings suggest that a careful combination of reward with mild punishment when appropriate is most effective for learning. However most of us havent the skill to provide the optimum combination. The above refers to the lack of competence in acting out the model. Teachers or parents should be objective in their delivery of punishment. Objects like anger, retaliation, stress and any other external forces should not have any influence on the punishment given. The author believes that this is can be a major downfall of the behaviourist approach it is very difficult for teachers or parents to have a constant clear state of mind. Punishment can also have adverse affects on the person being punished it can lead to anger, retaliation, and strained teacher learner relationships, thus hindering the learning process. Punishments should be made clear from the outset, be fit for purpose and be given uniformly. I myself adopt a slight behaviourist approach in my Further education classes (mainly younger students). If a student is constantly late i.e. more than twice in a row (without good reason) or being disruptive in a class I will refuse to sign their E.M.A sheet as a form of punishmen t. I constantly use reward in the form of praise (I believe this to be a key motivator for students), however reward can have negative effects on learning in that students may only perform enough to gain reward and not to their ability. Although it is the authors belief that this approach works in some instances for younger students it is not has affective for adult learners and as such is not employed by the author on Higher Education courses. It is also the belief of the author that students are not passive. Most teachers in the UK have behaviourist approaches enforced onto them having to write/meet objectives and learning outcomes, Behavioural objectives were written descriptions of specific, terminal behaviours that were manifested in terms of observable, measurable behaviour. (Saettler, 1990, Online). In the construction management sector we have practical sessions that lend themselves more to behaviourism for example the use of surveying equipment, learning is gained through repetitiveness and familiarisation. Good development is rewarded with a pass; poor development is punished by the removal of reward which is replaced with further instruction. Objectives follow Gain and Briggs model for writing objectives (Saettler, 1990, Online) Gains and Briggs Model: Action Object Situation Tools and Constraints Capability This was a method employed by other staff at the college and was passed onto myself and until this now I had no knowledge that this was a behaviourist approach adopted by the department. The way in which the education system is funded and managed in the UK means constraints are placed on the educational establishments themselves. All the objectives for courses have to be met within a given time frame, thus employing the behaviourist approach. Cognitivism replaced behaviourism as the domineering ideology in the 1960s. Unlike behaviourism that basis itself on environmental stimuli, cognitivism focuses on the inner workings of the mind, mental activities the black box. In other words they were concerned with cognition the act or process of knowing. Information coming in gets processed and then gives certain outcomes. The cognitive learning theory claims that learning is a relatively permanent change in their mental picture, due to an experience that occurs by adding new information into an existing understanding in the mind. While cognitivists allow for the use of skill and drill exercises in the memorisation of facts, formulae, and lists they place greater importance on strategies that help students actively assimilate and accommodate new material. (Graduate Student Instructor, 2009, Online). Cognitivism and constructivism are very much alike and were founded on cognitive principles. However, constructivism places much more emphasis on the social context and culture. Constructivists see teachers has being the providers of tools to aid the students learning (Overview of Constructivism, 2010, Online) Jean Piagets studies in learning development had considerable influence on cognitivism, specifically the notion drawn from Gestalt theory, that knowledge is organised and structured. It is a view that for learning to occur it must be incorporated within existing memories and that the new experience and prior knowledge must overlap. Cognivitists believe that this happens in two ways. Assimilation, were the mind takes new learnt information and applies this to what it already knows. Secondly, accommodation is where preconceived ideas are adjusted to suit new information. Piaget called these parcels of memory in our brain Schemas. He (Piaget) was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development. His contributions include a theory of cognitive development, detailed observational studies of cognition in children, and tests to reveal different cognitive abilities (McLeod, 2007, Online). Of importance, especially to the theorist to human learning is Piagets emphasis on four distinct stages of four cognitive developments, each categorised by different forms of thought at different stages. This model has come under criticism because of the lack of flexibility of the ages appointed to each stage of development. It has limited use in adult education. Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) was a Russian psychologist who developed his theories around the same time as Piaget. Vygotsky died age of 38 while his theories were still in infancy. However, the fundamental difference between Vygotsky and Piaget is that Vygotsky believed that learning was not guided by age but by social influences. Two significant models of Vygotsky are the more knowledgeable other was learning is facilitated through someone who has a better understanding. This could either be a teacher, adult or peer. Secondly the zone of proximal development this is intern linked with the first has it states someone will learn more with initial guidance and encouragement. It was this from his ideology that Social Constructivism was born (Overview of Constructivism, 2010, Online). The Gestalt moment or getting the knack of something probably best describes cognitivsm. An ability to suddenly to be able to ride a bike is a good analogy. The learning happens in a few moments, and is permanent-although it may have taken a long time to get to that step with seemingly little progress (Atherton, 2005, Online). I would appear to have adopted a cognitive constructivism style in my teaching. Firstly I obtain the students prior knowledge in the subject matter through questioning and then build on their knowledge. Secondly, I give an example that the whole class works through. Once I am satisfied have worked through the example correctly, a second example will be given for the learners to do individually or with support from their peers. If they approach me for help I will not give the answer but try to guide them to it using their own thought process. This is probably because that is how I like to approach problems and feel that this gives me a better understanding so that I can then retrieve and apply it to similar problems. This represents some correlation to Vygotsky four classroom principles (Overview of Constructivism, 2010, Online). Humanist ideology gained moment in the 1960s; two of its most prominent founders were Abraham Maslow (1908 1970), Carl Rodgers (1902 1987). In principle humanistic theory of learning is based on a humans personal act to fulfil their potential. It recognises the freedom and potential of humans and sees the teachers role as being one of facilitator. Learning is student centred with the focus placed on developing self actualised people through cooperation and support. Maslow developed his Hierarchy of Needs in 1943. This motivational theory is based on a five tear model. For humans to meet their full potential they must meet all the requirements of the model Carl Rogers developed is humanistic teaching theory facilitative learning. The basic principles of the ideology are that learning will take place through facilitation in a comfortable atmosphere. Other key features are: (L. Dunn, 2000, Online) A belief that human beings have a natural eagerness to learn. There is some resistance to, and unpleasant consequences of, giving up what is currently held to be true. The most significant learning involves changing ones concept of oneself. Facilitative teachers are: Less protective of their constructs and beliefs than other teachers. More able to listen to learners, especially to their feelings. Inclined to pay as much attention to their relationship with learners as to the content of the course. Apt to accept feedback, both positive and negative and to use it as constructive insight into themselves and their behaviour. Learners: Are encouraged to take responsibility for their learning. Provide much of the input for the learning which occurs through their insights and experiences. Are encouraged to consider that the most valuable evaluation is self-evaluation and that learning needs to focus on factors that contribute to solving significant problems or achieving significant results. One model of teaching that has been developed on the principles of humanism is Experiential Learning this was produced by David Kolb. Kolb believes that learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience (Learning Theories, 2009, Online). It is based on four principles. (Learning Theories, 2009, Online). The four stage model shows how experience is developed through reflection, reflection to concepts, concepts to testing (experimentation) and testing to experience. I believe this model to be beneficial to some areas of teaching especially Andragogy and practical application for various professions. The humanistic approach to teaching certainly has its place within the academic arena drawing on students knowledge and experience, encouraging learners to take some responsibility for their learning, self reflection, motivation and facilitating are all key concepts that (in the authors view) should be employed in the classroom. Deep and surface learning refers to ways in which individuals learn from studying. The two approaches do not mean that students fall into neither one category nor the other, in fact either approach maybe used at any given time. Surface learning applies to the memorisation of facts and formulas. This can be selected from the learners memory and used when required. Deep learning applies to the ability to understand the whole picture and reasons behind the facts and formulas and then apply them to understanding. (Engineering Subject Centre, 2009, Online). It can be concluded in the authors view that this application bears the traits of cognitivism.

Polynomials: Mathematics and Polynomial Function

Using Polynomials in the â€Å"Real World† Polynomial functions are used in our everyday lives in a few different ways, this includes art, architecture, construction, financial planning, and manufacturing. We can also calculate how long it will take one person to do a job alone when we know how long it takes a group to get it done as well. Farmers on crop farms work dawn to dusk through the growing season to produce the grains, fruits, and vegetables that feed the country. These equations help them to determine how long they need to work on a certain project.One application of polynomials is that for any smooth curve we can approximate this curve by a graph of a polynomial function with sufficient degree. If you have real life data up to certain time, you can sketch the graph of the data and you want to predict the behavior of the data in the future. One way to solve this is to approximate the curve that you obtained from your data by a graph of a polynomial function hoping th at this polynomial function can also approximate the data in the future.Polynomial equations are also used in creating buildings, landscapes and even roller coasters. Lastly, and most importantly, using polynomials to pass high school and college. In every math class, using polynomials to graph and to find the possible rational zeroes is a big part in getting an A in the class. If you don’t know how to to this stuff then you can’t keep doing harder and harder math, like going from pre calculus to calculus.

Operation Of Electrical Equipment In Hazardous Environment Environmental Sciences Essay

Based on my research up to day of the month I came to the decision that risky countries is a large subject to cover and after a series of meetings with my supervisor Mr. Jerry Duggan I have decided to concentrate preponderantly on â€Å" Dust Explosion † a subject which has ne'er been covered before by an electrical technology pupil in Cork Institute of Technology. By finishing this undertaking my purpose is that it will function as an educational tool in our progressive environment for me and for future readers. I hope to larn many things from this undertaking that will profit me in the hereafter and in my calling. I intend to analyze all the of import facets of dust detonation, by reexamining bing literature on the topic, hunt of appropriate web sites and by a possible site visit to a chemical works near me.1 Introduction:In Electrical technology, a risky location is defined as a topographic point where concentrations of flammable gases, bluess, or dusts may happen. Electrical equipment that must be installed in such locations is particularly designed and tested to guarantee it does non get down an detonation, due to curving contacts or high surface temperature of equipment. For illustration a family light switch may breathe a little, harmless seeable flicker when shift ; in an ordinary ambiance this discharge is if no concern, but if a flammable vapor was present, the discharge might get down an detonation. Electrical equipment intended for usage in a chemical mill or refinery is designed non to bring forth any flickers, or else to safely incorporate the discharge and do certain it can non light any explosive gases, bluess or dusts that might be present around the equipment. Many schemes exist for safety in electrical installings. The simplest scheme is to minimise the sum of electrical equipment installed in a risky country, either by maintaining the equipment out of the country wholly or by doing the country less risky by procedure betterments or airing with clean air. Intrinsic safety is a pattern where setup is designed with low power degrees and low stored energy, so that a mistake is improbable to put off an detonation. Equipment enclosures can be pressurized with clean air, and interlocked so that the equipment is disconnected if the air supply fails or arc-producing elements of the equipment can be isolated from the environing atmosphere by encapsulation, submergence in oil, sand, or by hardy enclosures that prevent extension of an internal detonation to the environing ambiance. As in most Fieldss of electro engineering, different states have approached the standardisation and testing of equipment for risky countries in different ways. As universe trade becomes more of import in distribution of electrical merchandises, international criterions are easy meeting so that a wider scope of acceptable techniques can be approved by national regulative bureaus. Standards regulating electrical equipment for usage in risky dust countries are altering so quickly that purchasers and users of electrical production equipment are happening it hard to maintain up. However, A by non maintaining abreast of the alterations, they run the hazard of a dust detonation happening in their works due to inadequately protected equipment and/or being prosecuted forA non-compliance or carelessness. The hazard of a dust or pulverization detonation happening in a fabrication works should non be underestimated. Around 2,000 dust detonations occur in Europe every twelvemonth, impacting all types of companies, including makers of sugar, coal, chocolate, flour-based goods, milk pulverization, tea, grain, fresh fish and baccy, every bit good as wood and metal processing companies. Any environment in which dust or pulverization is allowed to garner on hot surfaces or that could be ignited by a flicker from electrical equipment is a possible hazard. The cost, in footings of lives lost and harm to works, as a consequence of a dust detonation can be tremendous.2 Dust Explosion:Definition: Dust detonations occur when all right atoms dispersed in the air as a cloud react with O in the presence of an ignition beginning, bring forthing an detonation concatenation reaction. When this occurs in a changeless volume, there is a rapid and important addition in force per unit area. Prevention steps must be the first line of defense mechanism against such detonations, but in many state of affairss efforts to extinguish ignition beginnings are merely non plenty. Measures for extenuating the harm caused and the dangers posed to workers by eventual detonations are necessary. To assist vouch the safety of silo installings, companies in Europe are required to follow with the ATEX Directives sing explosive ambiances ( [ ATEX 1999/92/EC, 1999 ] and [ ATEX 94/9/EC, 1994 ] ) by put ining protection mechanisms.3 What is a dust detonation?Explosions are defined as sudden reactions affecting a rapid physical or chemical oxidization reaction, or disintegrate bring forthing an addition in temperature or force per unit area, or both at the same time. When the fire velocity is greater than the velocity of sound, we call it a explosion. Otherwise the detonation is known as a deflagration. Typically, dust detonations are comparatively slow burning procedures. If ignition occurs i n a dust cloud in an unfastened country, so small or no overpressure consequences and the primary jeopardy is a bolide. The best manner to acquire informations refering a specific type of dust is to make proving on the existent substance. Most written proficient resources on dust detonations have informations for the minimal explosive concentrations and other belongingss of common pulverizations.4 European Laws:In July 2006 a 2nd ATEX directive became compulsory European Standard EN 14491, 2006 EN 14491 for dust detonation venting protective systems and CEN ( 2006 ) .EN 14491 ( 2006 ) for the discharge of dust detonations came into force in 2006 and depict the basic design demands for dust detonation venting systems. This criterion is one of a series including criterions EN 14797 ( 2006 ) and EN 14460 ( 2006 ) on blowhole industry and detonation immune constructions. Together, these three criterions wholly cover dust detonation venting ordinances in Europe.5 Conditionss for dust det onation:As we all know detonation can merely happen, when three factors come together: 1. Flammable stuff ( in burnable measures ) 2. Oxygen ( in the air ) 3. Ignition beginning Fig.1 An detonation can merely happen, when these three factors come together Once the reaction is ignited, depending on how the exothermal energy is liberated, the consequences can be a controlled burning, fire moving ridge or detonation. All the protection methodological analysiss are seeking to extinguish one or more of the trigon constituents to cut down the hazard of lighting an detonation to an acceptable degree. To obtain an acceptable degree of hazard at least two independent events must be present, each one of low chance, before a possible detonation can happen. There are besides five necessary conditions for dust detonation to happen: a dust has to be combustible the dust is suspended in the air at a high concentration there is an oxidizer ( typically atmospheric O ) the dust is confined there is an ignition beginning Fig.2 Necessary conditions for dust detonation to happen The add-on of the two elements scattering and parturiency to the trigon ( see fig.1 ) creates what is known as the â€Å" detonation Pentagon † ( see fig. 2 ) . An initial primary detonation ( see fig. 3 ) in treating equipment or in an country were fleeting dust has accumulated may agitate free more accrued dust or damage a containment system such as a canal, vas or aggregator. As a consequence, if ignited, the extra dust dispersed into the air may do one or more secondary detonations ( see fig. 3 ) . These can be far more destructive than a primary detonation due to increased measure and concentration of spread combustible dust. Fig. 3 Primary and secondary dust detonations If one of the elements of the detonation Pentagon is losing, a ruinous detonation can non happen. Two of the elements in the detonation Pentagon are hard to extinguish: O ( within air ) , and parturiency of the dust cloud ( within procedures or edifices ) . However, the other three elements of the Pentagon can be controlled to a important extent, and will be discussed farther in this papers.6 Facility Dust Hazard Appraisal:As I have mentioned above a combustible dust detonation jeopardy may be in a assortment of industries, including: nutrient ( e.g. , confect, amylum, flour, provender ) , plastics, wood, gum elastic, furniture, fabrics, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, dyes, coal, metals ( e.g. , aluminum, Cr, Fe, Mg, and Zn ) , and fossil fuel power coevals. The huge bulk of natural and man-made organic stuffs, every bit good as some metals, can organize combustible dust. The European`s Industrial Fire Hazards Handbook provinces that â€Å" any industrial procedure that reduces a combustible stuff and some usually non-combustible stuffs to a finely divided province nowadayss a possible for a serious fire or detonation. † 7 Facility Analysis Components: Facilities should carefully place the followers in order to measure their possible for dust detonations: Materials that can be combustible when finely divided ; Procedures which use, consume, or produce combustible dusts ; Open countries where combustible dusts may construct up ; Hidden countries where combustible dusts may roll up ; Meanss by which dust may be dispersed in the air ; and Potential ignition beginnings.8 Beginnings of ignition:There are many beginnings of ignition and a bare fire need non be the lone one, a study shows that half of the dust detonations in Europe were from non-flame beginnings. Beginnings include fire hot surfaces clash curving from machinery or other equipment illuming work stoppages cutting and welding fires mechanical machinery As I mentioned earlier at the start of the study a differentiation is made between primary and secondary dust detonations. When a dust is found in a container, room or system component ignites and explodes we speak of a primary dust detonation. In a secondary dust detonation, dust that has settled on the land or on other surfaces is stirred by the primary detonation and ignites. As a consequence of this a concatenation reaction follows and the force per unit area wave emanating from the secondary dust detonation can stir up farther dust sedimentations and do farther dust detonations.9 Example of Historic Incidents:The undermentioned incident is an incident that marked the universe, in February 2008, a ruinous dust detonation occurred at the Imperial Sugar Refinery in Port Wentworth, USA. The dust detonation killed 13 people and injured many more. The undermentioned images below show the amendss of the refinery after the catastrophe ;10 Measuring the hazard:Identifying risky or non-hazardous countries should be carried out in a systematic manner. Risk appraisal should be used to find if risky countries exist and to so delegate zones to those countries. The appraisal should see such affairs as: the risky belongingss of the unsafe substances involved ; the sum of unsafe substances involved ; the work processes, and their interactions, including any cleansing, fix or care activities that will be carried out ; the temperatures and force per unit areas at which the unsafe substances will be handled ; the containment system and controls provided to forestall liquids, gases, bluess or dusts get awaying into the general ambiance of the workplace ; any explosive ambiance formed within an enclosed works or storage vas ; and, any steps provided to guarantee that any explosive ambiance does non prevail for an drawn-out clip, e.g. airing. Taken together these factors are the get downing point for risky country categorization, and should let for the designation of any zoned countries. The undermentioned paragraphs give farther information on what to see during an appraisal.11 The risky belongingss of unsafe substances:The belongingss of a unsafe substance that need to be known include the boiling point and brassy point of any flammable liquid, and whether any flammable gas or vapor that may be evolved is lighter or heavier than air. For dusts, information on atom size and denseness will be needed, one time it has been shown that a peculiar dust can organize an explosive ambiance. Often, relevant information is contained on a safety informations sheet provided with the merchandise.12 The size of possible releases:Some possible beginnings of release may be so little that there is no demand to stipulate a risky country. This will be the instance if the effect of an ignition following a release is improbable to do danger t o people in the locality. However, in the incorrect fortunes ignition of rather little measures of flammable gas/vapour assorted with air can do danger to anyone in the immediate locality. Where this is the instance, as in a comparatively confined location, from which rapid flight would be hard, country categorization may be needed even where rather little measures of unsafe substance are present. The size of any possible explosive ambiance is, in portion, related to the sum of unsafe substances present. Industry specific codifications have been published by a assortment of organisations to supply counsel on the measures of assorted unsafe substances that should be stored. For illustration,13 Temperatures and force per unit areas:Extra information associating to the procedure that involve the unsafe substances should besides be taken into history, including the temperatures and force per unit areas used in the procedure, as this will act upon the nature and extent of any release, and the extent of any subsequent risky countries. Some substances do non organize explosive ambiances unless they are heated, and some liquids if released under force per unit area will organize a all right mist that can detonate even if there is deficient vapor.14 Ventilation:Ventilation, either natural, or automatically ( e.g. produced by fans ) , can both dilute beginnings of release, and take unsa fe substances from an enclosed country. As a consequence there is a close nexus between the airing at any given location and the categorization and extent of a zone around a possible beginning of release. Well designed airing may forestall the demand for any zoned country, or cut down it so it has a negligible extent.15 Extent of risky countries:The appraisal needs to place countries within a workplace that are connected to topographic points where an explosive ambiance may happen. This will supply information on any countries off from the beginning of the jeopardy to which an explosive ambiance may distribute, for illustration through canals. Such countries should be included in the categorization system for topographic points where explosive ambiances may happen. An attack to measuring this hazard is described in BS EN 60079/10. A technique for forestalling this hazard is described in BS EN 50016, on pressurisation of enclosures or suites incorporating electrical equipment.16 Othe r considerations:When sing the potency for explosive ambiances, it is of import to see all unsafe substances that may be present at the workplace, including waste merchandises, residues, stuffs used for cleansing or care, and any used merely as a fuel. Besides some combinations of unsafe substances may respond together, organizing an ignition beginning, or in combination may organize an explosive ambiance, where singly this does non happen. Some perennial activities such as refuelling autos, or lading and droping oilers intended for usage on the public roads, involve the debut of possible beginnings of ignition into an country where a spill is possible, and which would run into the description of a risky country. In these fortunes, safety can be achieved by insulating power beginnings ( e.g. turning off engines, etc ) while a transportation is taking topographic point, and doing suited cheques before and after a transportation, before traveling a vehicle into or out of a risky country. Activities, such as care, may incur hazards non covered by the normal country categorization of the country where the activity is taking topographic point, for case the debut of beginnings of ignition into a risky country. Sometimes the unsafe substance can be removed before the care work activity starts. Sometimes, particular control steps can be taken to forestall the release of any unsafe substance during the work. In such instances the extra hazards associated with the activity should be assessed before work starts.17 Relationship between fires and detonations:In many instances where an explosive ambiance can organize, any ignition will do a fire instead than an detonation. Both fire and detonation cause dangers to workers, and in many instances the safeguards required to forestall an ignition are the same. The overall bundle of safeguards required will depend on the possible effects of a fire or detonation. Many factors influence the hazards from a fire affecting unsafe substances. In peculiar, employers should see whether a fire could take to an detonation, how fast a fire might turn, what other stuffs might be quickly involved, any dangers from fume and toxic gases given off, and whether those in the locality would be able to get away.18 Classifying risky countries into zones:Once an country has been identified as risky it should be classified into zones based on the frequence and continuity of the potentially explosive ambiance. This so determines the controls needed on possible beginnings of ignition that may be present or happen in that country. These controls apply peculiarly to the choice of fixed equipment that can make an ignition hazard ; but the same rules may be extended to command the usage of nomadic equipment and other beginnings of ignition that may be introduced into the country ( for illustration, lucifers and igniters ) and the hazards from electrostatic discharges. An international criterion, BS EN 60079/10, explains the basic rules of country categorization for gases and bluess, and its equivalent for dusts was published in 2002 as BS EN 61241/3. These criterions form a suited footing for measuring the extent and type of zone, and can be used as a usher to following with the demands in DSEAR. However, they can non give the extent and type of zone in any peculiar instance, as site-specific factors should ever be taken into history. Industry specific codifications have besides been published by assorted administrations and, provided they are applied suitably, they are valuable in promoting a consistent reading of the demands. Area categorization surveies normally take the signifier of drawings placing the risky countries and zones. Additional text gives information about the unsafe substances that will be present, the work activities that have been considered, and other premises made by the survey. Whenever such drawings and paperss have been produced, they should be included in the hazard appraisal record required by DSEAR. These paperss should be considered whenever new equipment is to be introduced into a zoned country. Hazardous topographic points are classified in footings of zones on the footing of the frequence and continuance of the happening of an explosive ambiance.Gass, bluess and mistsFor gases, bluess and mists the zone categorizations are: Zone 0 – can be describes as a topographic point in which an explosive ambiance dwelling of a mixture with air of unsafe substances in the signifier of gas, vapor or mist is present continuously or for long periods or often. Zone 1 – can be described as a topographic point in which an explosive ambiance dwelling of a mixture with air of unsafe substances in the signifier of gas, vapor or mist is likely to happen in normal operation on occasion. Zone 2 – can be describes as a topographic point in which an explosive ambiance dwelling of a mixture with air of unsafe substances in the signifier of gas, vapor or mist is non likely to happen in normal operation but, if it does happen, will prevail for a short period merely.DustsFor dusts the zone categorizations are: Zone 20 – can be describes as a topographic point in which an explosive ambiance in the signifier of a cloud of combustible dust in air is present continuously, or for long periods or often. Zone 21- can be describes as a topographic point in which an explosive ambiance in the signifier of a cloud of combustible dust in air is likely to happen in normal operation on occasion. Zone 22 -can be describes as a topographic point in which an explosive ambiance in the signifier of a cloud of combustible dust in air is non likely to happen in normal operation but, if it does happen, will prevail for a short period merely.19 Equipment in risky countries:Particular safeguards need to be taken in risky countries to forestall equipment from being a beginning of ignition. In state of affairss where an explosive ambiance has a high likeliness of happening, trust is placed on utilizing equipment with a low chance of making a beginning of ignition. Where the likeliness of an explosive ambiance happening is reduced, equipment constructed to a less strict criterion may be used. Equipment is categorised ( 1, 2 or 3 ) depending on the degree of zone where it is intended to be used. A figure of ways of building equipment to forestall ignition hazards have been published as consonant European Standards, and in some instances, extra demands are set out in the Standards associat ing to installing and usage. The risky country zone categorization and corresponding equipment classs are: Zone 0 or zone 20 – class 1 equipment Zone 1 or zone 21 – class 2 equipment Zone 2 or zone 22 – class 3 equipment20 Marking of equipment:A standardized marker strategy is applied to place equipment suited for a specific location. Equipment built will transport the detonation protection symbol â€Å" Ex † in a hexagon, the equipment class figure ( 1, 2, or 3 ) , the missive G and/or D depending on whether it is intended for usage in gas or dust ambiances, and other indispensable safety information. In many instances this will include a temperature evaluation expressed as a â€Å" T † marker, and sometimes a gas group. These indicate restrictions to safe usage. Employers and those installing equipment should see the marker and certification provided with â€Å" Ex † equipment when it is being installed. All ATEX equipment will be required to transport three Markss. The CE grade The ATEX grade The Certification Code Additionally, it must be marked decipherably with the following minimal specifics: Name and reference of maker Appellation of series/type/model Consecutive figure Year of industryThe CE Mark:All ATEX equipment must transport CE grade ; the minimal tallness is 5mm. The CE grade confirms conformity with all the comparative Directives.The ATEX Mark:The ATEX grade ( EU Explosive Atmosphere symbol ) is a bluish hexagon incorporating the conventionalized letters ExThe Certification Code:All equipment points are required to transport the Certification Code as portion of their designation label.Log Table:Date 9/11/2009 I met up Mr. Jerry Duggan and discussed the importance of this undertaking and what country of jeopardies am I interested in to cover my undertaking. Date 11/11/2009 In my ain clip I got to seek the webs and happen out what is a dust detonation and what universe and European Torahs are out at that place to forestall these detonation from go oning and if they do go on due to unknown fortunes, how to carry on an detonation appraisal. Date 14/11/2009 I did some book research and reading from what was available in the library and what Mr. Jerry Duggan gave me and go really familiar with the factors that can take to an detonation. The book entitled â€Å" Electrical Apparatus and Hazardous Areas † became really ready to hand to understand the different zones for gas and blues, and dust jeopardies. Date 17/11/2009 After farther research in jeopardies I have decided to concentrate merely on one country preponderantly â€Å" dust detonation † . The meeting helped me understand how to near this country, which non many people know excessively much about. Date 19/11/2009 While making some internet research I came across a papers saying that half of the dust detonations go oning in Europe were from non-flammable beginnings. The beginnings that could take to an ignition were stated and an incident illustration was given. Date 21/11/2009 As a consequence of including an illustration of dust detonation that took topographic point in the USA, I wanted to show a hazard appraisal in order to find if risky countries exist in an enclosed country and so to delegate zones to those countries. Date 23/11/2009 I showed Mr. Jerry Duggan my up to day of the month research on dust detonation and advised me to seek and acquire a site visit which will profit me better on my stage research and the completion of the study. Date 24/11/2009 On this twenty-four hours I researched how would ventilation either of course or automatically ( produced by fans ) can both seek and extinguish beginnings of release and most of import take the unsafe substances from an enclosed country. Date 27/11/2009 Leaving unprecedented work unfinished from the day of the month of 14/11/2009 I wanted to lucubrate more on the designation of a hazard topographic point and the categorization into zones. Research had to be done to happen a definition on the zones categorization for dust. Date 30/11/2009 After farther desk research I met up once more and discussed the layout of my concluding twelvemonth presentation and a day of the month was set on the 10/12/2009 along with my assessor.Table of figures:The undermentioned figures are listed below as they appear in the study: Figure 1: An detonation can merely happen, when one of this factors come together Figure 2: Necessary conditions for dust detonation to happen Figure 3: Primary and secondary dust detonationsBooks:Electrical Apparatus and Hazardous Areas/Fifth Edition by Robin Garside Electrical Installation in Hazardous Areas by Alan McMillan Introduction to Intrinsic SafetyLinks & A ; Mentions:HBIRDPRO- # 692251-HOT Work HBIRDPRO- # 570000-Safety Signs HBIRDPRO- # 562514-Welding Thymine: TemplatesOH & A ; S – Occupational Health & A ; SafetyPTW Hot Work Control Guide.dot Thymine: TemplatesOH & A ; S – Occupational Health & A ; SafetyATW Hot Work Control Guide.dot OH & A ; S – Occupational Health & A ; SafetyHazardous Area Check Sheet Equipment In Combustibles Dust Areas www.encoderonline.com/UK/Data-Sheets/Incremental/Data-14.htmDocuments:Corporate Standard Hazardous Areas Handbook for risky country solution No. 14 – AB – Iraqi national congress A cosmopolitan attack for hazardous-area categorizations A usher to European ( EEC ) enfranchisement for electrical equipment in risky countries DOE Handbook Electrical Safety 1998Web sites:www.rowanhouse.co.uk www.stackmasula.com.au www.intrinsicallysafe.com www.stahl.de